Le ministre de la Justice, Garde des Sceaux, Belkacem Zeghmati, a présenté mercredi le projet de loi relatif à la protection et la lutte contre les crimes d’enlèvement devant les membres du Conseil de la nation.
M. Zeghmati a expliqué, dans ce cadre, que ce texte de loi vise à “adapter la législation nationale au développement du crime sous toutes ses formes“, soulignant que les crimes d’enlèvement, un phénomène “étranger à notre société et contraire à nos valeurs”, figurent parmi “les crimes les plus dangereux auxquels fait face le monde aujourd’hui”.
Criminalisant toutes les formes d’enlèvement, le texte prévoit des peines sévères allant jusqu’à la perpétuité ou la peine capitale selon la gravité du crime commis et ses répercussions, outre une amende allant jusqu’à 2 millions Da.
Elaboré en 54 articles, le projet de loi précise les circonstances aggravantes qui sont liées à “la qualité de l’auteur ou de la victime” ainsi que les excuses absolutoires et les circonstances atténuantes induisant une suppression ou l’allégement de la peine, s’il est mis fin délibérément à l’enlèvement. Cela protégera la victime et encouragera l’auteur du crime à y renoncer.
Concernant les peines durcies que prévoit le projet de loi, “l’ensemble des peines énoncées sont à caractère pénal”. Dans le cas de d’enlèvement d’enfant, le législateur a “prévu deux peines: la perpétuité ou la peine capitale”.
Les mesures coercitives ne s’arrêtent pas là, selon le texte, puisqu’elles vont jusqu’à priver les auteurs de ce genre de crimes de bénéficier des circonstances atténuantes et de bénéficier d’une adaptation de la peine. Autrement dit, ils ne pourront pas bénéficier d’une autorisation de sortie, de la semi-liberté, du placement dans un atelier à l’extérieur ou de la liberté conditionnelle et sont par conséquent contraints à passer la totalité de leur peine dans un espace clos.
Le projet ne permet pas aux auteurs de ces crimes de bénéficier des circonstances atténuantes, notamment si ces crimes sont perpétrés contre des enfants, en cas de recours à la torture, à la violence sexuelle ou à la demande de rançon.
Ledit projet de loi prévoit la possibilité pour le Parquet général de déclencher systématiquement l’action publique même en l’absence de plainte.
En vertu du même texte, les associations et les organismes activant dans le domaine de la protection des droits de l’homme pourront porter plainte devant les juridictions et se constituer partie civile avec demande de réparation.
Le projet de loi consacre un chapitre à la protection des victimes d’enlèvement, prévoyant leur prise en charge sanitaire et socio-psychologique et la facilitation de leur accès à la justice.
Concernant l’aspect préventif, le texte prévoit la mise en place par l’Etat d’une stratégie nationale et de stratégies locales pour prévenir les crimes d’enlèvement, lesquelles sont élaborées et mises en œuvre par les organismes publics avec la participation de la société civile. La prévention porte également sur l’adoption de mécanismes de veille et d’alerte précoce et la réalisation d’études sur leurs causes pour en identifier les motifs , avec la mise en place d’un système informatique national sur les crimes de kidnapping en vue de faciliter le travail des organes chargés de la prévention
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