ALGÉRIE/ SOCIÉTÉ : Incendies: Le SOS de la direction des forêts
Le directeur général des forêts (DGF) Ali Mahmoudi a lancé, hier, dimanche un véritable « SOS » pour moderniser, actualiser et améliorer sur le plan des ressources humaines les moyens techniques et matériels du secteur en matière de lutte contre les incendies et feux de forêts. Avec le début caniculaire de cet été 2019, le DGF n’a pas caché que le secteur manque cruellement de moyens et, pire, la flotte de camions et le matériel de lutte contre les feux de forêts dont dispose la DGF sont devenus obsolètes. Il a expliqué à la radio nationale que la DGF a mis comme moyens de prévention pour la campagne 2019, qui s’achève à la fin novembre prochain du fait du dérèglement climatique, 414 postes de vigies dotés de 964 éléments, 486 brigades mobiles composées de 646 éléments et des véhicules datant de 2005, 27 camions mobiles et 2.838 points d’eau recensés et disponibles pour d’éventuels approvisionnements.
Ce problème de manque de moyens de la DGF dans la lutte contre les incendies de forêts a été pris en charge récemment lors d’un conseil interministériel qui a décidé de doter le secteur de plusieurs véhicules d’interventions récents et équipés. « La nouveauté dans le secteur des forêts est l’affectation de 44 véhicules, mais ce n’est pas suffisant », a-t-il indiqué, relevant qu’« on va faire des colonnes mobiles sur les wilayas vulnérables ». « Le conseil interministériel a décidé de nous renforcer en véhicules de première intervention, dont 15 camions ravitailleurs et 53 véhicules de transport, car les véhicules de l’administration des forêts datent de 2006. On a du mal à se déplacer », reconnaît le DGF.
M. Mahmoudi a également expliqué que le dernier conseil interministériel a décidé la mise en œuvre du programme du gouvernement, tracé en 2018 pour 2020, dont l’approvisionnement en matériels et les moyens de locomotion. « Nous sommes également démunis en matière d’effectifs », insiste t-il, appelant pour la « levée du gel de 1.220 postes depuis 2015 et le renforcement en personnel saisonniers pour 3.110 postes pour les villages et riverains des forêts ». Cette année 2019, il y a au moins 40 wilayas concernées par le dispositif de lutte contre les incendies de forêts, qui a été compliqué, selon le DGF, par « le problème de l’impossibilité d’avoir un accès aux massifs forestiers par manque de moyens pour réaliser des pistes forestières ». Un grief qui a été d’ailleurs relevé par la protection civile qui a du mal à lutter contre les feux de forêts là où les accès aux foyers d’incendie sont impossibles par l’absence de nouvelles pistes forestières.
Selon M. Mahmoudi, l’Algérie perd en moyenne annuelle près de 32.000 hectares. « En 2010, le plan national de reboisement avait prévu 1,247 million d’hectares et nous avons réalisé en 2018 près de 880.000 ha : c’est équilibré entre les superficies perdues et celles reconstituées et le taux de boisement reste le même », estime le DGF. Il a souligné en outre qu’en plus de la menace des incendies de forêts, il y a «la pression humaine dans les wilayas côtières et les forêts sont minées par des constructions illicites près des côtes.
C’est un phénomène observé dans toutes les wilayas côtières». Sur les raisons des incendies de forêts, le DGF estime que le premier facteur déclenchant est «l’imprudence», avec «des causes inconnues de 85%». «Un projet de coopération avec la FAO et l’ambassade du Japon a été mis en place pour connaître les causes des incendies de forêts et leurs auteurs, pour attaquer le problème à la racine », explique M. Mahmoudi, qui a indiqué que « la France est à zéro causes inconnues. L’imprudence est à l’origine de la majorité des feux de forêts.» Par ailleurs, avec ce début d’été caniculaire, il a indiqué que « nous avons perdu 3.000 hectares pour 55 départs de feux au 13 juillet dernier». «Nous sommes dans une année normale et la saison ne fait que commencer, car avec le réchauffement climatique, cela va s’étaler jusqu’à la fin novembre», ajoute-t-il. «L’année 2018 a été exceptionnelle avec la perte de seulement 2.300 hectares», a-t-il rappelé, avant de relever que les régions actuellement à risques sont Sidi Bel-Abbès, Tlemcen pour la région ouest. «Mais, durant ce week end, il y a la région centre du pays avec les 11 wilayas les plus touchées par la canicule, à savoir Bordj Bou Arreridj, Tizi Ouzou, Médéa, Aïn Defla, Chlef et Tissemsilt». Quant au feu qui ravage la wilaya de Béjaïa depuis plusieurs jours, il a indiqué qu’il est en train d’être maîtrisé, mais « il a provoqué beaucoup de dégâts, car il a chevauché deux wilayas à travers la chaîne des Bibans, Béjaïa et Bordj Bou Arreridj ». Pour la surveillance satellite, il a déclaré que la DGF a deux conventions de partenariat avec l’agence spatiale algérienne : évaluation des superficies parcourues par les feux et le taux de reprise des forêts après les pluies, qui est plus prononcé à l’est qu’à l’ouest du pays. « Les changements climatiques menacent nos forêts. On a rarement enregistré des pics de chaleur comme cette année », a relevé le DGF.
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